Случайность и творчество; cлучайность в экономике.
Когда все идет не по плану, это не так плохо.
Способ вызвать к жизни творческие силы: неверно оценить задачу. В качестве иллюстрации приводится пример, когда неверная оценка (недооценка) расходов на постройку тоннеля привела к экономическому расцвету - в долгосрочной перспективе.
Аналогия в христианстве: лучше кающийся грешник, чем человек, никогда не сходивший с прямого пути.
Сходная идея у Ницше: то, что нас не убивает, делает нас сильнее.
Hirschman was a planner who saw virtue in the fact that nothing went as planned.
* * *
“We may be dealing here with a general principle of action,” Hirschman wrote:
Creativity always comes as a surprise to us; therefore we can never count on it and we dare not believe in it until it has happened. In other words, we would not consciously engage upon tasks whose success clearly requires that creativity be forthcoming. Hence, the only way in which we can bring our creative resources fully into play is by misjudging the nature of the task, by presenting it to ourselves as more routine, simple, undemanding of genuine creativity than it will turn out to be.
And essentially the same idea, even though formulated, as one might expect, in a vastly different spirit, is found in Nietzsche’s famous maxim, “That which does not destroy me, makes me stronger.” This sentence admirably epitomizes several of the histories of economic development projects in recent decades.
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