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Ahuramazda and Zoroastranism
http://www.livius.org/ag-ai/ahuramazda/ahuramazda.htmlAnother important question is
whether Zarathustra was a monotheist. In the Gâthâ's, he gives special attention to Ahuramazda and almost ignores all the other gods. They figure in other Avestan hymns, the Yashts, which are dedicated to lower deities. The Zoroastrian tradition is univocal that the Yashts were composed by Zarathustra, which would make him a polytheist. European scholars, however, have argued that the Yashts were not written by the prophet himself, because they are written in the language that is also known from the cuneiform texts of the Achaemenid empire written between 521 and 331 BCE. However this may be,
it is certain that under the Achaemenid empire, Zoroastrianism was polytheistic. Literature - Mary Boyce, Textual sources for the study of Zoroastrianism (1984 Manchester)
- Mary Boyce, "The Religion of Cyrus the Great" in: A. Kuhrt and H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg (ed.): Achaemenid History III (1988 Leiden)....
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http://www.livius.org/za-zn/zarathustra/zarathustra.htmZarathustra's teachings are strongly dualistic. The believer has to make a choice between good and evil. Zoroastrianism was one of first world religions to make ethical demands on the believers.
Zarathustra was not the inventor of monotheism, although several European scholars have thought so. More information can be found here.
Literature *
Mary Boyce, Textual sources for the study of Zoroastrianism (1984 Manchester). * Peter Clark, Zoroastrianism. An Introduction to an Ancient Faith (1998 Brighton)
* Gherardo Gnoli, Zoroaster in History (2000 New York)
* A. de Jong, Traditions of the Magi (1997 Leiden).
* M. Schwartz, 'The Religion of Achaemenian Iran' in: Ilya Gershevitch (ed.): The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. II: The Median and Achaemenian Periods (1985 Cambridge) pages 664-667